Electric Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Technologies: Impact on the Power Grid and Battery

The gradual shift towards cleaner and green energy sources requires the application of electric vehicles (EVs) as mainstream transportation platform. vehicle-to-grid (V2G) shows promise in optimizing power demand, shaping load variation, increasing sustainability smart grids. However, no comprehensive paper has been compiled regarding operation V2G types, current ratings types EV sells market, policies relevant to business model, implementation difficulties procedures used cope with problems. This work better represents challenges prospects worldwide highlights research gap across domain. starts opportunities required models adopted recent years, followed by an overview technology; then, associated on grid vehicle batteries; finally, their possible solutions. investigation highlighted a few significant challenges, which involve lack concrete stakeholders government incentives, excessive burden batteries during V2G, deficiency proper bidirectional battery charger units standards test beds, injection harmonics voltage grid, possibility uneconomical unscheduled practices. Recent international agency reports are revised provide solutions these bottlenecks and, places, requirements for additional research. could be colossal, but scheme first tremendous collaboration, funding, technology maturation.